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Transformation du gouvernement républicain/23

Admin — Tue, 07 Sep 2010 06:12:20 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 06:12, 7 September 2010
Line 40:		Line 40:
	gouvernement, et réclame du pouvoir, des travaux, des		gouvernement, et réclame du pouvoir, des travaux, des
	subventions, des primes d'encouragement, des garan-		subventions, des primes d'encouragement, des garan-
-	\|translation=	+	\|translation=The Swiss people responded with a unanimous vote: No! no! cela est de la pillerie, et ne passe pas chez nous. Voilà pourtant ce que l'empire a fait à la grande satisfaction de la finance, et ce qui nous vaut de payer les transports des voyageurs four times more expensive than in Belgium: and how many other things like that. O! admirable economy of political unity and centralization in a great nation.
		+
		+	VII
		+
		+	Power and finance.
		+
		+	Dans un pays de fédération politique, l'administration de la plus grande partie des services publics, ne se séparant pas des groupes où elle doit avoir son action, est de ce fait beaucoup moins onéreuse et à l'abri du gaspillage. Dans la centralisation, au contraire, s'agit-il de travaux d'utilité publique à exécuter, d'entreprise à adjuger, le pouvoir central intervient, accompagné d'un auxiliaire puissant: la finance.
		+	« Quand l'Etat et la finance, dit G. Duchêne, les deux plus grandes forces d'une nation, se prêtent main forte,
		+	on peut s'attendre à des prodiges ». Alors la bancocratie prend l'initiative de toutes les entreprises d'uti-
		+	lité publique, et à l'aide du pouvoir se substitue à
		+	l'industrie privée (les petites voitures, etc., etc.). Au
		+	nom de l'intérêt public, on concède sans adjudication
		+	des monopoles scandaleux avec subvention, garanties
		+	d'intérêts et de dividende, hauts tarifs, conventions
		+	onéreuses, ce qui crée des majorats dans l'exploitation
		+	des services publics.
		+
		+	Dans cette transformation économique, la liberté si
		+	chère aux anciens économistes ne compte plus de rien.
		+	Le public paraît y prendre goût. Chacun attend du
		+	gouvernement, et réclame du pouvoir, des travaux, des
		+	subventions, des primes d'encouragement, des garan-
	}}		}}

Transformation du gouvernement républicain/18

Admin — Tue, 07 Sep 2010 05:15:31 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 05:15, 7 September 2010
(One intermediate revision not shown.)
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	Avec la décentralisation, le premier article de la		Avec la décentralisation, le premier article de la
	constitution politique serait 1° de donner aux conseils		constitution politique serait 1° de donner aux conseils
-	\|translation=to perdre France, and, after the example of the Swiss, practice Self-Government.	+	\|translation=of perdre France, and, after the example of the Swiss, practice Self-Government.

	Quoi, political anarchy would be from now on the means to chasser the economic anarchy which devours us, and would constitute the order in society? Could we pass from government? Who would believe that?		Quoi, political anarchy would be from now on the means to chasser the economic anarchy which devours us, and would constitute the order in society? Could we pass from government? Who would believe that?

-	~~Enfin~~, ~~monsieur~~ Ferry, ~~je n'ai plus que deux mots~~, ~~c'est pour dire que la~~ confusion ~~et l'impuissance sont telles aujourd'hui dans tous les partis~~, que l'opportunisme dont vous êtes un des représentants les plus distingués, est, à vrai dire, le seul logique, puisqu'il a pour conséquence l'immobilisme. En effet, ne vaut-il pas mieux rester stationnaire comme les Chinois, que de tenter des réformes dont votre parti ne méconnaît pas le besoin, mais en nous enseignant toujours que la nation n'est pas encore mûre pour les recevoir, et que la moindre application surexciterait les esprits et troublerait l'ordre social.	+	Finally, Mr. Ferry, I have only two words, it is to say that the confusion and helplessness are such today in all parties, que l'opportunisme dont vous êtes un des représentants les plus distingués, est, à vrai dire, le seul logique, puisqu'il a pour conséquence l'immobilisme. En effet, ne vaut-il pas mieux rester stationnaire comme les Chinois, que de tenter des réformes dont votre parti ne méconnaît pas le besoin, mais en nous enseignant toujours que la nation n'est pas encore mûre pour les recevoir, et que la moindre application surexciterait les esprits et troublerait l'ordre social.

	But with universal suffrage, that situation could not endure long without danger; for the people, lui, not separating politics from the idea of his well-being, pourrait bien se fâcher and become hostile. There/it would then be time to revise our constitution and to recognize that the political unity that nous tient lieu de principles, is, like religious unity, a chimera which divides us; that it is necessary to constitute national unity by a link of political federation; and above all to ordonner our interests by the creation of an economic constitution que le travail attend, ce qui est autre chose que de politiquer.		But with universal suffrage, that situation could not endure long without danger; for the people, lui, not separating politics from the idea of his well-being, pourrait bien se fâcher and become hostile. There/it would then be time to revise our constitution and to recognize that the political unity that nous tient lieu de principles, is, like religious unity, a chimera which divides us; that it is necessary to constitute national unity by a link of political federation; and above all to ordonner our interests by the creation of an economic constitution que le travail attend, ce qui est autre chose que de politiquer.
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	Administrative decentralization.— Federation.		Administrative decentralization.— Federation.

-	With decentralization, the first article of the political constitution will be: 1° to give to the ~~conseils~~	+	With decentralization, the first article of the political constitution will be: 1° to give to the councils
	}}		}}

Transformation du gouvernement républicain/17

Admin — Tue, 07 Sep 2010 04:20:54 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 04:20, 7 September 2010
(One intermediate revision not shown.)
Line 5:		Line 5:
	\|original=ils l'ont livré en pâture aux écumeurs d'affaires; en		\|original=ils l'ont livré en pâture aux écumeurs d'affaires; en
	concédant des monopoles scandaleux, en aliénant le		concédant des monopoles scandaleux, en aliénant le
-	domaine public, par la création de la propriété ~~mi-~~	+	domaine public, par la création de la propriété minière, les privilèges de la Banque, de France, des voies
-	~~nière~~, les privilèges de la Banque, de France, des voies	+	de transports et de conventions faites avec les compagnies, et les innombrables concessions où il a été gaspillé depuis 1848 plus de douze milliards à la nation
-	de transports et de conventions faites avec les ~~compa-~~	+
-	~~gnies~~, et les innombrables concessions où il a été ~~gas-~~	+
-	~~pillé~~ depuis 1848 plus de douze milliards à la nation	+
	et à l'épargne nationale.		et à l'épargne nationale.

-	Savez-vous, monsieur Ferry, ce qui mène ~~aujour-~~	+	Savez-vous, monsieur Ferry, ce qui mène aujourd'hui gouvernés et gouvernants? C'est la finance, ou,
-	d'hui gouvernés et gouvernants? C'est la finance, ou,	+	comme dirait Proudhon, la haute peigre. Et maintenant le peuple dit de ceux-ci ce qu'il a toujours pensé
-	comme dirait Proudhon, la haute peigre. Et ~~mainte-~~	+
-	~~nant~~ le peuple dit de ceux-ci ce qu'il a toujours pensé	+
	de ceux-là: c'est que ces gens sont à la nation comme		de ceux-là: c'est que ces gens sont à la nation comme
	les cuisiniers sont à la cuisine, ils prennent toujours		les cuisiniers sont à la cuisine, ils prennent toujours
Line 22:		Line 17:
	Jadis, quand les biens et les intérêts étaient aux		Jadis, quand les biens et les intérêts étaient aux
	mains de quelques-uns, du noble, du sacerdoce et du		mains de quelques-uns, du noble, du sacerdoce et du
-	prince, le gouvernement était nécessaire, non pour ~~ré-~~	+	prince, le gouvernement était nécessaire, non pour régir ses intérêts, ils se régissaient entre eux, mais pour
-	~~gir~~ ses intérêts, ils se régissaient entre eux, mais pour	+	gouverner la masse, et au nom du droit divin, la reléguer dans l'infériorité, en faisant un instrument d'exploitation aux mains de l'aristocratie, ainsi qu'en témoignent l'antiquité et le moyen-âge.
-	gouverner la masse, et au nom du droit divin, la ~~re-~~	+
-	~~léguer~~ dans l'infériorité, en faisant un instrument d'~~ex-~~	+
-	~~ploitation~~ aux mains de l'aristocratie, ainsi qu'en ~~té-~~	+
-	~~moignent~~ l'antiquité et le moyen-âge.	+

	Aujourd'hui, comme demain, les intérêts nantis et		Aujourd'hui, comme demain, les intérêts nantis et
	satisfaits, et le pouvoir financier seront toujours l'âme		satisfaits, et le pouvoir financier seront toujours l'âme
	qui inspirera les gouvernements ; au nom de la démo-		qui inspirera les gouvernements ; au nom de la démo-
-	cratie, de la Révolution et du progrès dont ils ~~par-~~	+	cratie, de la Révolution et du progrès dont ils parlent sans cesse, ils ne font que remplacer par leurs
-	~~lent~~ sans cesse, ils ne font que remplacer par leurs	+	usurpations l'ancienne féodalité, exerçant principalement leur puissance de préhension dans l'exploitation
-	usurpations l'ancienne féodalité, exerçant ~~principale-~~	+
-	~~ment~~ leur puissance de préhension dans l'exploitation	+
	des services publics.		des services publics.

	Il faut donc les en chasser, comme nous avons chassé		Il faut donc les en chasser, comme nous avons chassé
-	l'autorité de la direction de nos idées et de la ~~direc-~~	+	l'autorité de la direction de nos idées et de la direction de nos intérêts particuliers, par la liberté de la
-	~~tion~~ de nos intérêts particuliers, par la liberté de la	+	presse et du travail. Il faut les expulser de leur forteresse, en démolissant les murs de cette centralisation qui, à l'aide de l'intrigues des partis, est en train
-	presse et du travail. Il faut les expulser de leur ~~for-~~	+	\|translation=they have they have thrown it to the wolves, the pirates of business; by granting scandalous monopolies, by alienating the public domain, by the creation mining rights [propriété minière], the privileges of the Bank of France, transport routes and agreements made with the companies, and the innumerable concessions where there has been squandered since 1848 more than twelve billion of the nation and the national savings.
-	~~teresse~~, en démolissant les murs de cette ~~centralisa-~~	+
-	~~tion~~ qui, à l'aide de l'intrigues des partis, est en train	+
-	\|translation=they have they have thrown it to the wolves, the pirates of business; by granting scandalous monopolies, by alienating the public domain, by the creation mining rights [propriété minière], the privileges of the Bank of France, ~~des voies~~	+
-	~~de transports~~ and agreements made with the companies, and the innumerable concessions where there has been squandered since 1848 more than twelve billion à the nation and the national savings.	+

-	Do you know, M. Ferry, what leads both the governed and governing today? It is finance, or, as Proudhon said, la haute peigre. And now the people say ~~de ceux-ci ce qu'il a toujours pensé de ceux-là~~: it is that these people are to the nation as the ~~cuisiniers sont à la cuisine~~, ~~ils prennent toujours le premier bouillon~~.	+	Do you know, M. Ferry, what leads both the governed and governing today? It is finance, or, as Proudhon said, the haute peigre. And now the people say of these what they have always thought of those: it is that these people are to the nation as cooks are in the kitchen, they always take the first broth.

-	~~Jadis~~, ~~quand les biens et les intérêts étaient aux mains de quelques-uns~~, du noble, ~~du sacerdoce et du~~ prince, ~~le gouvernement était nécessaire~~, ~~non pour régir ses intérêts~~, ~~ils se régissaient entre eux~~, ~~mais pour gouverner la masse~~, ~~et au nom du droit divin~~, ~~la reléguer dans l'infériorité~~, ~~en faisant un~~ instrument d'exploitation ~~aux mains de l'aristocratie~~, ~~ainsi qu'en témoignent l'antiquité et le moyen-âge~~.	+	Formerly, when the goods and interests were in the hands of few, of the noble, the priest and the prince, the government was necessary, not to govern its interests, they are governed among themselves, but to govern the masses, in the name of divine right, relegated to inferiority, by making [it] an instrument of exploitation in the hands of the aristocracy, as witnessed by the ancient and medieval times.

-	~~Aujourd'hui~~, ~~comme demain~~, ~~les intérêts nantis et satisfaits~~, ~~et le pouvoir financier seront toujours l'âme qui inspirera les gouvernements~~ ; ~~au nom de la démocratie~~, ~~de la Révolution et du progrès dont ils parlent sans cesse~~, ~~ils ne font que remplacer par leurs~~ usurpations ~~l'ancienne féodalité~~, ~~exerçant principalement leur puissance de préhension dans l'~~exploitation ~~des~~ services ~~publics~~.	+	Today, as tomorrow, the interests well off and happy, and financial power will always be the soul that will inspire governments; in the name of democracy, of the Revolution and of progress of which they constantly speak, they only replace by their usurpations the ancient feudalism, principally exerting their gripping power in the exploitation of the public services.

-	~~Il faut donc les en chasser~~, ~~comme nous avons chassé~~	+	Thus it is necessary to drive them away, as we have driven the authority of the direction of our ideas and of the direction of our individual interests, by the liberty of the press and of labor. It's necessary to expel them from their fortress, by demolishing the walls of that centralization which, with the aid of the intrigues of the parties, is in the process
-	~~l'autorité de la~~ direction ~~de nos idées et de la direc-~~	+
-	~~tion de nos intérêts particuliers~~, ~~par la liberté de la~~	+
-	~~presse et du travail~~. ~~Il faut les expulser de leur for-~~	+
-	~~teresse~~, ~~en démolissant les murs de cette centralisa-~~	+
-	~~tion qui~~, ~~à l'aide de l'~~intrigues ~~des partis~~, ~~est en train~~	+
	}}		}}

Transformation du gouvernement républicain/13

Admin — Tue, 07 Sep 2010 03:29:16 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 03:29, 7 September 2010
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	For the man of centralization, monarchist or republican, the word unity summarizes all: liberty is only a word, his ideal is in the espoir of a strong government. "With unity," says P.-J. Proudhon, "a physical, mathematical thing, which is seen, touched, counted, one knows everything in an instant; one is even spared in the difficult cases from thinking. With unity, politics is reduced to a simple mechanization, of which he has only to turn the wheel. So much the worse for whoever is left to take to the spiral."<ref>''Of the Federative Principle'', p. 98.</ref>		For the man of centralization, monarchist or republican, the word unity summarizes all: liberty is only a word, his ideal is in the espoir of a strong government. "With unity," says P.-J. Proudhon, "a physical, mathematical thing, which is seen, touched, counted, one knows everything in an instant; one is even spared in the difficult cases from thinking. With unity, politics is reduced to a simple mechanization, of which he has only to turn the wheel. So much the worse for whoever is left to take to the spiral."<ref>''Of the Federative Principle'', p. 98.</ref>

-	Well, dear reader, after what we have just said, without effort of logic we will see in what follows « what talking means. »	+	Well, dear reader, after what we have just said, without effort of logic we will see in what follows "what talking means."

	IV		IV

Essai d'une préface au code civil

Admin — Sun, 05 Sep 2010 16:50:07 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 16:50, 5 September 2010
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	SONNETTE.		SONNETTE.
-	\|translation=OF A PREFACE TO THE CIVIL CODE	+	\|translation=ESSAY OF A PREFACE TO THE CIVIL CODE

	DEDICATED TO THE CITIZEN PIERRE LEROUX,		DEDICATED TO THE CITIZEN PIERRE LEROUX,
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	ESSAY OF A PREFACE TO CIVIL CODE.		ESSAY OF A PREFACE TO CIVIL CODE.

-	An eminent philosopher teaches us that a preface should precede the text of the Civil Code and summarize its philosophy, but that it has been impossible to do because the code contains only the precepts of materialism, devoid as it is ~~devoid~~ of any religious principle. Our philosopher was right when he states that he sees in this vast collection only a compromise between Roman law and customary law, and that today it is no longer based on its application but on some judgments.	+	An eminent philosopher teaches us that a preface should precede the text of the Civil Code and summarize its philosophy, but that it has been impossible to do because the code contains only the precepts of materialism, devoid as it is of any religious principle. Our philosopher was right when he states that he sees in this vast collection only a compromise between Roman law and customary law, and that today it is no longer based on its application but on some judgments.

-	Can we not add that he also lacks any basis in the social economy or on any given political economy, however, ~~key points~~ to set the goal of legislation required to embrace: 1 state civilian persons; 2 social organization of the family 3 the condition of the property, its tenure and transmission; 4 the size of all private agreements which relate to the state or the performance of the property, but the property taken here in its most metaphysical.	+	Can we not add that it also lacks any basis in the social economy or on any given political economy, points essential, however, to set the goal of legislation required to embrace: 1 state civilian persons; 2 social organization of the family 3 the condition of the property, its tenure and transmission; 4 the size of all private agreements which relate to the state or the performance of the property, but the property taken here in its most metaphysical sense.

-	Why the absence of principles of economics and social policy in the French Civil Code? This is because in fact the legislature has not placed under the guardianship of a religious inspiration, because he did not show imbued with the spirit of the gospel and ~~n '~~has not inoculated as the breath of the law. However, and in my opinion, this gap is less the result of legislators themselves the result of time and the empire of circumstances in which the code occurred. Everyone knows that, developed under the Convention, it was developed in the revolutionary assemblies that followed, to be codified, that is to say together and enacted at a date close in appearance, but in reality, if far away, at least very different from the events history, that of its design: in fact, with the violent shock that the company had in its organic transition, it was dominated by skepticism of the century that just ended in 's immense convulsions. In their horror of priests, the lawyers of the time had forgotten the principles of Christianity, and they came to think of a religious restoration, it was rather the outward form of worship they had in view the development of ideas of social regeneration that includes the gospel. Thus materialism had to dominate the minds of legislators, for them a civil code would represent a series of articles to regulate and not to organize a work of regeneration no written provision to grant labor protection, labor essential basis for any property, work first of all the capital good distribution and the intelligent allocation should address the most pressing ills to cure in the state of affairs.	+	Why the absence of principles of economics and social policy in the French Civil Code? This is because in fact the legislature has not placed under the guardianship of a religious inspiration, because it did not show imbued with the spirit of the gospel and has not inoculated as the breath of the law. However, and in my opinion, this gap is less the result of legislators themselves the result of time and the empire of circumstances in which the code occurred. Everyone knows that, developed under the Convention, it was developed in the revolutionary assemblies that followed, to be codified, that is to say together and enacted at a date close in appearance, but in reality, if far away, at least very different from the events history, that of its design: in fact, with the violent shock that the company had in its organic transition, it was dominated by skepticism of the century that just ended in its immense convulsions. In their horror of priests, the lawyers of the time had forgotten the principles of Christianity, and they came to think of a religious restoration, it was rather the outward form of worship they had in view the development of ideas of social regeneration that includes the gospel. Thus materialism had to dominate the minds of legislators, for them a civil code would represent a series of articles to regulate and not to organize a work of regeneration no written provision to grant labor protection, labor essential basis for any property, work first of all the capital good distribution and the intelligent allocation should address the most pressing ills to cure in the state of affairs.

	These same legislators who consumed the destruction of feudalism, which had purged the land of all the oppressive shackles of servitude and abuse, these men thought they had done enough since they probably did not take care to establish the ownership of such so it is accessible to all, the proletariat as the owner they did not think that failing to impose unnecessary they created an even more exorbitant privilege that while allowing the fragmentation of the ground up 'to infinity almost everywhere they sacrificed to the great little property, another criticism that can be sent to that system in general, is to always have individual rather than seek to generalize the benefits of land ownership.		These same legislators who consumed the destruction of feudalism, which had purged the land of all the oppressive shackles of servitude and abuse, these men thought they had done enough since they probably did not take care to establish the ownership of such so it is accessible to all, the proletariat as the owner they did not think that failing to impose unnecessary they created an even more exorbitant privilege that while allowing the fragmentation of the ground up 'to infinity almost everywhere they sacrificed to the great little property, another criticism that can be sent to that system in general, is to always have individual rather than seek to generalize the benefits of land ownership.

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